RESEARCH PUBLICATION: MEETING CAREER DEVELOPMENT NEEDS OF FEMALE ELITE ATHLETES
While we know that female athletes navigate distinct career hurdles, most existing support structures are still rooted in evidence from male athletic pathways. To address this imbalance, the EU-funded HerForm project—including ENOSS associate experts—has conducted international research. Their study marks a turning point, offering a first-of-its-kind look at the specific development needs of women in sport.
Abstract
Across their careers, female athletes face specific challenges, such as adjusting their training to their menstrual cycle or balancing their private and athletic life. Compared with their male counterparts, there is limited knowledge on how to best support the career development of female athletes.
In adopting an integrated knowledge translation approach, this study aimed to assess female athletes’ perceptions of career development needs and knowledge gaps relevant to navigating elite sports. Within the Erasmus+ project HerForm, a total of 132 elite female athletes ( M age = 25.9 ± 6.0 years) in their early- ( n = 47), mid- ( n = 30), and late-career stages ( n = 55) across Europe and South Africa were included.
Athletes were asked to indicate their perceived preparedness in managing 18 development areas relevant to their career (e.g., managing travel) and their respective need for information in these within an online survey. Overall, athletes indicated they were most prepared to develop and maintain social relationships. Areas in which athletes expressed they were least prepared for and wanted to be more informed about included returning to sport after child birth, negotiating contracts, obtaining sponsorships, mental health, and developing a personal brand. Athletes in their early- and midcareer stages appeared to have similar and highest information needs.
Findings are discussed based on areas most salient to advance female careers in sports, drawing from psychological, sociological, and economic evidence.
Key points
- A multinational coproductive approach was utilized to identify career development and information needs of elite female athletes (N=132).
- Athletes appeared most prepared to develop social relationships and least prepared to manage postpartum return to sport, contract negotiations, and mental health.
- Findings highlight the need to implement individually tailored support programmes specifically for early- and mid career stage females.
The full open-access article, “Meeting Career Development Needs of Female Elite Athletes—A Coproductive Approach to Career Support,” co-authored by the ENOSS associate experts Ruan Schlebusch and Wolfgang Stockinger, is now available on ResearchGate.
ENOSS AS YOUR ERASMUS+ PARTNER
As the Erasmus+ Sport Info Day 2026 approaches, now is the perfect time to explore impactful collaborations: Enhance your Erasmus+ Sport project with ENOSS.
The upcoming call for proposals offers a remarkable opportunity to advance education, training, youth, and sport in Europe. ENOSS is ready to explore collaboration possibilities with your organisation.
A foundation of experience
ENOSS activates a legacy of distinguished achievement through our associate experts, who hold a prominent track record in high-level international projects. Here are some recent EU-funded projects that highlight the individual expertise that powers our institutional mission:
- HerForm: A gender-specific training course to support the female athlete’s pathway to high-level sport.
- AtLAS – Athletes as Entrepreneurs: A pioneering European entrepreneurship training on EQF 5 level tailored to the specific needs of high-level athletes.
- STARTING 11- The European Dual Career Toolkit: A digital ecosystem of international dual career practice to help practitioners in sport, education and the labour market implement athlete support services.
Partner with us!
Only good consortia make good projects. If you are seeking a reliable partner for your Erasmus+ Sport application, let’s connect to discuss how ENOSS can contribute to your undertaking.